Use Incidental/Background Sound: Without sound, the brain will have the tendency to wander.
Studying in silence or with quiet instrumentals is best. However, white noise, brown noise, and 40-Hz binaural beats can enhance focus and cognitive performance. If one chooses to listen to music, it should be purely instrumental, e.g., classical music. Music with lyrics can hinder comprehension and learning. 1
The Mozart Effect is the theory that listening to the music of Mozart may temporarily boost scores on one portion of an IQ test.
- Sonata for 2 Pianos, K. 448
Minor Key Classical Piano Music
